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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Vault Deployment Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Platform Engineers and focuses on deployment strategies for Vault. Candidates will learn about self-managed and HashiCorp-managed cluster strategies, the role of storage backends, and the application of Shamir secret sharing in the unsealing process. The section also covers disaster recovery and performance replication strategies to ensure high availability and resilience in Vault deployments.

Topic 2

Secrets Engines: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Engineers and covers different types of secret engines in Vault. Candidates will learn to choose an appropriate secrets engine based on the use case, differentiate between static and dynamic secrets, and explore the use of transit secrets for encryption. The section also introduces response wrapping and the importance of short-lived secrets for enhancing security. Hands-on tasks include enabling and accessing secrets engines using the CLI, API, and UI.

Topic 3

Authentication Methods: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Engineers and covers authentication mechanisms in Vault. It focuses on defining authentication methods, distinguishing between human and machine authentication, and selecting the appropriate method based on use cases. Candidates will learn about identities and groups, along with hands-on experience using Vault's API, CLI, and UI for authentication. The section also includes configuring authentication methods through different interfaces to ensure secure access.

Topic 4

Vault Tokens: This section of the exam measures the skills of IAM Administrators and covers the types and lifecycle of Vault tokens. Candidates will learn to differentiate between service and batch tokens, understand root tokens and their limited use cases, and explore token accessors for tracking authentication sessions. The section also explains token time-to-live settings, orphaned tokens, and how to create tokens based on operational requirements.

Topic 5

Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

Topic 6

Vault Policies: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Security Architects and covers the role of policies in Vault. Candidates will understand the importance of policies, including defining path-based policies and capabilities that control access. The section explains how to configure and apply policies using Vault’s CLI and UI, ensuring the implementation of secure access controls that align with organizational needs.

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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q25-Q30):

NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following auth methods are intended for machine-to-machine authentication, and not necessarily human (operator) authentication? (Select four)

A. LDAP
B. AppRole
C. Okta
D. Tokens
E. TLS Certificates
F. Cloud-based Auth methods (AWS, Azure, GCP)

Answer: B,D,E,F

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Machine-oriented methods:
* B, C, D, F: "Machine-oriented: AppRole, TLS, tokens, platform-specific methods (cloud, k8s)."
* Incorrect Options:
* A, E: "Operator-oriented: LDAP, Okta."
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/tutorials/get-started/why-use-vault#human-and-machine- authentication

NEW QUESTION # 26
When creating a policy, an error was thrown:

Which statement describes the fix for this issue?

A. You cannot have a wildcard (" * ") in the path
B. sudo is not a capability
C. Replace write with create in the capabilities list

Answer: C

Explanation:
The error was thrown because the policy code contains an invalid capability, "write". The valid capabilities for a policy are "create", "read", "update", "delete", "list", and "sudo". The "write" capability is not recognized by Vault and should be replaced with "create", which allows creating new secrets or overwriting existing ones. The other statements are not correct, because the wildcard (*) and the sudo capability are both valid in a policy. The wildcard matches any number of characters within a path segment, and the sudo capability allows performing certain operations that require root privileges.
:
[Policy Syntax | Vault | HashiCorp Developer]
[Policy Syntax | Vault | HashiCorp Developer]

NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following secrets engines can store static secrets in Vault for future retrieval?

A. KV
B. Transit
C. PKI (certificates)
D. Database

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
For static secrets:
* A. KV: "The KV secrets engine is the ONLY secrets engine that will store static data in Vault for future retrieval."
* Incorrect Options:
* B, C, D: Generate or encrypt, don't store static secrets.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets#secrets-engines

NEW QUESTION # 28
What command would have created the token displayed below?
$ vault token lookup hvs.nNeZ2I64ALCxuO7dqQEJGPrO
Key: policies Value: [default dev], num_uses: 5, ttl: 767h59m49s
* Key Value
* --- -----
* accessor mfvaVMFgOcXHIeqlRasroSOn
* creation_time 1604610457
* creation_ttl 768h
* display_name token
* entity_id n/a
* expire_time 2024-12-07T16:07:37.7540672-05:00
* explicit_max_ttl 0s
* id hvs.nNeZ2I64ALCxuO7dqQEJGPrO
* issue_time 2024-11-05T16:07:37.7540672-05:00
* meta <nil>
* num_uses 5
* orphan false
* path auth/token/create
* policies [default dev]
* renewable true
* ttl 767h59m49s
* type service

A. vault token create -policy=dev -use-limit=5
B. vault token create -policy=dev -ttl=768h
C. vault token create -policy=dev
D. vault token create -policy=dev -policy=default -ttl=768h

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Matches dev policy and num_uses=5. TTL is system default (768h). Correct.
* B:Missing num_uses. Incorrect.
* C:Adds default policy explicitly, not needed as it's implicit. Incorrect.
* D:Missing num_uses. Incorrect.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"vault token create with -policy and -use-limit sets specific attributes... default policy is included implicitly." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/token/create#command-options

NEW QUESTION # 29
Vault operators can create two types of groups in Vault. What are the two types?

A. Security groups
B. Internal groups
C. External groups
D. Policy groups

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
In HashiCorp Vault, operators can create two distinct types of groups within the Identity secrets engine:
external groupsandinternal groups. These groups are used to manage and organize users and policies, facilitating access control and permissions management.
* External Groups: These groups are designed to integrate with external identity providers or systems, such as LDAP or OIDC (OpenID Connect). External groups allow Vault to map groups from these external systems to Vault policies, enabling seamless access control for users authenticated via external auth methods. They can be created manually or automatically mapped (e.g., from LDAP group memberships to Vault policies). This is particularly useful when managing users who exist outside of Vault's internal identity store but need access to Vault resources. The documentation states: "External groups are usually associated with an auth method, such as LDAP or OIDC."
* Internal Groups: These are created and managed directly within Vault's identity store. Internal groups are used to organize Vault entities (representing users or machines) and assign policies to them manually. They are ideal for scenarios where user management is entirely within Vault's ecosystem, without reliance on external identity providers. The documentation explains: "Internal groups are created in the identity store and map to other groups or entities."
* Incorrect Options:
* Security Groups: This term is not used in Vault's context for group types. While security is a core concern, "security groups" do not represent a specific category of groups in Vault.
* Policy Groups: Policies in Vault define permissions, but there is no concept of "policy groups" as a distinct group type. Policies are attached to groups, not grouped themselves in this manner.
The distinction between external and internal groups enhances flexibility in managing authentication and authorization, aligning with Vault's design to support both internal and federated identity systems.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/identity#external-vs-internal-groups

NEW QUESTION # 30
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